留學(xué)生可能在學(xué)習(xí)之中掌握了大量學(xué)科、專有詞匯,讀寫能力杠杠的,但是在日常生活中,怎么解決說英語容易卡殼的尷尬局面?
我們需要做到三點(diǎn):
一、改變思維習(xí)慣(way of thinking)。 閱讀時(shí),見到一些表達(dá)方式,多問問自己,這句話讓我說,我會(huì)用這種思路嗎?如果答案是no,那就恭喜你了,趕快把這句話抄下來,以后多做點(diǎn)文章。
二、注意選詞(choice of words)。 實(shí)踐證明,學(xué)好、活用100個(gè)詞,再加上以前的一點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ),就可以自由表達(dá)自己思想,并可盡量拋棄原來的中式英語思維。
三、句型(sentence patterns) 。漢語與英語這兩門語言沒多大的相似之處,由于思維習(xí)慣的不同,導(dǎo)致一些表達(dá)方式也不同,具體表現(xiàn)在一些典型的句型上。
我們時(shí)常見的一些小詞,如果多加注意和運(yùn)用,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生很奇妙的效果,一起來看看有哪些吧~
available
使用頻率:★★★★★
造句功能:★★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞有點(diǎn)怪,是形容詞,但是一般放到所修飾的詞后面。凡句子中含有是“有。。。可以用到”的時(shí)候都可以考慮這個(gè)詞。這個(gè)詞關(guān)系到我們思維方式,而不是這個(gè)詞用法有多復(fù)雜。反義詞是unavailable.現(xiàn)在都講究資源了.
1、對(duì)不起,沒座了。
Chinglish: Sorry, we have no seats now.
Revision: Sorry, no seats available.
2、網(wǎng)站暫時(shí)無法訪問。
Chinglish: This website can't be visited temporarily.
Revision: Website Temporarily Unavailable.
有時(shí)候盡管不是非用available/unavailable不可,但是多用一些,看起來正宗。在http://google.com中搜索結(jié)果:是約有441,000,000項(xiàng)符合available的查詢結(jié)果。
offer
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞比較微妙。英譯中時(shí)不太好處理,正因如此,這個(gè)詞才值得我們重視。
1、謝謝你的好意,不過我可以走回去。
Chinglish: Thank you for your goodwill, but I can go home on foot.
Revision: Thanks for your offer, but I can walk home.
2、全國人民紛紛向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)伸出了援助之手。
version 1: People from all over the country all giving their hands to the disaster area.
Alt Version: People from all over the country are offering helping hands to the disaster area.
Offer可以做動(dòng)詞用,也可以做名詞用。還有一些固定搭配,其中Job offer非常紅。凡是帶有“給予”、“善意提供的(幫忙)”等意思,就可以考慮offer這個(gè)詞。我們可以把give一些空間讓點(diǎn)給offer:
這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)可是我最后給你的。答應(yīng)不答應(yīng)隨你的便。This is my last offer to you. Take it or leave it.
difference
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
意思是差別。對(duì)于difference只需要掌握一到兩個(gè)短語,我們口語水平就會(huì)前進(jìn)一大步,讓你的同學(xué)對(duì)你刮目相看,那就是make a difference(有很大不同)或make no differences(沒什么不同)。
1、你說的什么移動(dòng)、聯(lián)通, 我看還不一路貨色。
You're talking about Telecom and Unicom. The way I see it, they make no differences at all.
2、這種化妝品你用用看,效果絕對(duì)不一樣。
Chinglish: Please use this kind of cosmetics, the effect is absolutely different.
Revision: Please try this sort of cosmetics, i bet it'll make a big difference.
(不好意思,我就是喜歡try這個(gè)詞)
3、上帝啊,再給我一次機(jī)會(huì),我不會(huì)再這樣了。
Chinglish: God, please give me a chance again, I won't do this again.
Revision: God, please grant me another chance, and I'll make a difference.
凡是一樣不一樣,都可以考慮這兩個(gè)短語,你用好了,絕對(duì)可以make a difference。
另外說一下,受教科書的影響,說不同的時(shí)候中國學(xué)生習(xí)慣be different from這一句型。但是很多時(shí)候differ from這個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式更簡單,try it, and you'll make a difference,讓你的老師、同學(xué)對(duì)你刮目相看。
西方人崇尚個(gè)人奮斗,追求與他人不一樣。這個(gè)詞,對(duì)于他們來說,太神圣了。在http://google.com中,make a difference這一短語搜索結(jié)果近600萬,我們用過幾次了。所以以后有條件,我們就要make a difference,沒有條件時(shí),創(chuàng)建條件也要make a difference。
sense
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞主要由于幾個(gè)相關(guān)短語而流行的。
這幾個(gè)短語分別是: a sense of (responsibility, humor...)---有幽默感等, make sense/not make any sense,有意義,沒意義(所以我說別老用meaningless,不是人家聽不懂,那很中式的)。
1、我很喜歡他。他很有幽默感。
Chinglish: I very like him. He is very humorous.
Revision: I like him very much. He has a good sense of humor.
2、我知道,不過有的地方?jīng)]什么意義。
Chinglish: I know, but it's meaningless in some places.
Revision: I know, but again at some point it doesn't make any sense.
3、什么?至少六周?這樣做有什么意義呢?
What? at least 6 weeks? Does it make any sense?(或what's your point?)
afford
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
意思是買的起,付得起、花得起時(shí)間、金錢、精力等。
但是Afford只能表示能力,不表示意愿。例如我們可以說I'm willing to pay, but I really can't afford it,而不能說I'm willing to afford it。
用好這個(gè)詞,我們的水平就會(huì)提高一個(gè)檔次,讓你的同學(xué)打心底里佩服。
1、這頂帽子貴得也太離譜了,我買不起。
Chinglish: This hat is extremely expensive, I can't buy it.
Revision: This hat is so expensive that I can't afford it.
2、這個(gè)村子里好多兒童都上不起學(xué)。
Chinglish: Lots of kids can't go to school because they're poor. (意思表達(dá)出來了但是不精練)
Revision: Plenty of kids in this village can't afford to go to school (can't afford education).
小新賴以生存就不能放棄工作。I can't afford to lose my job, because I'm the bread-winner and I have a big family to support.
deserve
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞字面意思是“值得”、“該受到”,可褒可貶。用到的場(chǎng)合其實(shí)挺多的。幾個(gè)例句就可以解決問題。
1、你是老鼠戲貓,真是自作自受!
Chinglish: You're like a rat teasing a cat... (...下面不會(huì)了)
Revision: I think you're playing with fire. You deserve it!
2、那個(gè)好心女孩終于嫁給了她的心上人。她是有好報(bào)。
Chinglish: That good-hearted girl was married to the man in her heart at last. She was good so she had a good end.
Revision: That good-hearted girl married her 'prince' finally. She deserved it.
3、你竟敢這樣對(duì)我?找打???
Chinglish: How dare you do this to me? Do you want me to beat you?
Revision: How dare you do this to me? You deserve a kick in the ass!
這個(gè)詞比較微妙,個(gè)人喜歡這個(gè)詞,不多說了。
If you think that I deserve some applauses or flowers, why not let me know about it
frustrated
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
表示心情沮喪、灰心喪氣時(shí),老外偏愛frustrated這一詞。我們喜歡是sad, lose one's heart等表達(dá)法。
用法特別簡單。當(dāng)你覺得灰心喪氣時(shí),forget about "sad", use this word instead.
1、沒有一個(gè)女孩子給我寫過信,我真是沮喪極了。
I'm so frustrated that no girls wrote to me.
2、公司業(yè)績總是不好,總經(jīng)理真是心灰意懶。
Chinglish: The total manager is very sad because the achievement is not good.
Revision: The general manager is so frustrated for the poor performance of his company.
If, if lots of people come and shout to me:"Coolmax, your English is so poor and limited!" I'll be extremely frustrated
再說一遍,以后要常說 frustrated 哦!說多了,你就有老外的感覺了。
hurt
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★
“受傷”或“疼痛”的意思。可能是生理上受傷,更表示心里上受傷。很紅的一個(gè)詞,失戀的人必備詞匯。唉,我們的傳統(tǒng)英文教育就是那么回事,學(xué)了10年英文,不知道“我手指疼”怎么說的大有人在。
1、哦,天哪!你竟然不理我了。我受傷了。
Chinglish: Oh, God, you don't notice me! I am injured.(Injure一詞一般不用于心理方面的傷害)。
Revision: Oh, God, how come you start to ignore me! I'm hurt.
2、別動(dòng)我,我右手大拇指指疼。
Chinglish: Don't move me! My right thumb aches. (動(dòng)某人的話也可以用 touch)
Revision: Leave me alone! My right thumb hurts.
At last I want to remind some friends that we should never tell a woman that she is 'fat'. She would be hurt or even offended if you do that.
mislead
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
其形容詞是Misleading,被動(dòng)形式是be misled。意思是誤導(dǎo)。我們國人不太愛說,但是愛好政治與辯論的老外整天把這個(gè)詞掛在嘴上。這個(gè)詞不難用,關(guān)鍵是思維方式不同,所以我們要學(xué)。
1、你沒有意識(shí)到這份報(bào)紙?jiān)谡`導(dǎo)民眾嗎?
Haven't you realized this newspaper is misleading its readers?
2、我覺得你是被宣傳誤導(dǎo)了,也許是被洗了腦子了。
I deem that you're misled by the propaganda and maybe you're brainwashed.
So, my only wish reagarding this thread is that I'm not misleading.
最后別忘了,這個(gè)詞也是Chinadaily 的 News Talks 版面最紅的字眼之一。不信大家去那里搜索看看。
offend
使用頻率:★★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞表示“冒犯”、“得罪”,老外整天掛在嘴上。我們要跟進(jìn)。一般用法是offend sb.被動(dòng)是be/get offended.
要善于識(shí)別offend使用范圍。漢語語言特別豐富,所以我們要特別注重內(nèi)在含義。
1、你對(duì)她的穿著評(píng)頭論足,她可能會(huì)不高興。
Chinglish: You're commenting on her dress; she might be unhappy. (還不太中式,但是想不到offend一詞就是罪過)
Revision: You're criticising her dress sense. She might be offended.
2、我什么時(shí)候得罪她了?她這人真怪!
Chinglish: When did I do bad to her? She is so strange! (不算太中式,但是想不到offend就是罪過)
Revision: Have I ever offended her? She's just being so weird!
update
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞特別簡單,但是我們不容易說好,一般是學(xué)一次,知道重要性后,終生難忘。
表示更新后的信息,也可以做動(dòng)詞,進(jìn)行更新?,F(xiàn)在知識(shí)更新特別快,難怪這個(gè)詞也吃香。
1、新的在哪?
Chinglish: Where is the new one?(不算太中式,但是中國學(xué)生會(huì)用update會(huì)讓人刮目相看)
Revision: Where's the update?
2、這是最后一次的更新。
Chinglish: This is the newest change.
Revision: This is the latest update. (會(huì)用latest的也不簡單)
You know I'm pretty busy with my work and I have to work overtime everyday, but I'll try my best to keep this thread updated.
contribute
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★
名詞形式是contribution. 意思有“捐獻(xiàn)”、“投稿”等意思。凡是有貢獻(xiàn),都可以叫contribution。contribute這個(gè)動(dòng)詞一般與to 連用。
1、這事他也出了不少力。
Chinglish: He also supplied his strength to this.
Revision: He also contributed a lot to this.
2、謝謝你啊,你可幫了大忙了。
Version 1: Thank you very much. You really helped a lot.
Version 2: I really appreciate your great contribution.(看情況)
3、你只知道批評(píng)別人,你自己做了多少事?
Chinglish: You only know how to criticise others, but how much thing have you done yourself?
Revision: You're a critic! Where's your contribution?
這個(gè)詞用起來自然。好用,實(shí)用。
scenario
使用頻率:★
造句功能:★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞是“假想”、“設(shè)想”的意思。會(huì)用這個(gè)詞不容易。凡是用過該詞三次以上的(查詞典抄來的不算),我敢斷定其英文水平已經(jīng)達(dá)到Great甚至是Excellent了。
這里有一句話:
In the unlikely scenario that there is no major conflict, China is obviously willing to give peace a chance so long as Taiwan is not being unleashed by the Americans to pursue de jure independence.
impress
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
1、Coolmax,你這個(gè)帖子不怎么樣。
Chinglish: Coolmax, your this post is just so so.
Revision: Coolmax, I'm not at all impressed by this thread of yours.
2、在我記憶中,中國給我的感覺太棒了!
Chinglish: In my memory, China gave me a very wonderful feeling.
Revision: China was really impressive in my memory.
3、成功的推銷員知道如何打動(dòng)他的客戶。
Chinglish: A successful salesman knows how to move his customers.
Revision: A successful salesman knows how to impress his customers.
So, if you want to impress your boss, you have to work very hard, never be late for your work and always try to be creative, and use the word "impressive" to commend your boss each day)))hahah.
lover
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★
西方思維:★★★★★
這個(gè)詞用得太廣了。老外動(dòng)不動(dòng)張口就是peace-lovers。此外還有book lovers, China lovers, Music lovers。。。。。太廣了。可是我們國人說得太少了。
下面幾句可能兩種說法都可以,但是老外偏愛第2種。這個(gè)不是有多難,我們不會(huì)用,而是我們的思維習(xí)慣決定了老是想不到。
1、我這個(gè)人挺愛讀書的。
Version 1: I love reading books. (沒錯(cuò))
Better Version: I'm a book lover. (更地道)
2、中國堅(jiān)定地與全世界愛好和平的人們站在一起。
Chinglish: China is resolutely standing with all people who love peace all over the world.(很啰嗦的不是?)
Revision: China stands firmly with all peace-lovers world-wide.
Some forumites on Chinadaily community attack China from time to time while asserting they're 'China-lovers'.
要讓世界充滿愛,我們應(yīng)該多用lover少用hater一詞。
justify
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
Justify: To demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid。證明、說明什么東西是對(duì)的,正確或有效的。
說明:該詞在漢語中沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,雖然有對(duì)應(yīng)的短語,但是我們說得太少,以至于見到這個(gè)詞無動(dòng)于衷,沒覺得有什么特別的,豈止該詞非常具有西方思維,用對(duì)了讓你的英文更正宗。就象果汁,你喝兌水的,也叫果汁,人家的該榨出的,也叫果汁。果汁與果汁,大相徑庭也!
例1、你明明錯(cuò)了,你別狡辯了。
Chinglish: You're obviously wrong, don't give chicanery!
Revision: You're obviously wrong. Don't try to justify your mistakes!
例2、該政府部門不作為的做法難責(zé)其咎。
Chinglish: The government agency should be blamed for their nonfeasance.(not bad)
Revision: The inactivity of the government agency can't be justified.
work
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★
詞義:起作用[動(dòng)詞]
說明:會(huì)說work一詞沒什么了不起,但是擅長用work一詞會(huì)讓你英語原味大增!我可不想討論它是不是可數(shù)名詞,在這里只討論它做動(dòng)詞的情況。The medicine didn't work!是什么意思呢?原來是“那藥不起作用/不頂事”的意思。其實(shí)work本意是一個(gè)人的工作,就是你應(yīng)該干的活。電視是播放節(jié)目的,能履行自己職責(zé)就是work了,不能播放了,或沒聲音了,就是沒把“work”干好;同樣,走時(shí)間與在指定時(shí)間叫醒你是鬧鐘的工作;打印是打印機(jī)的工作。。。總之,可以是一個(gè)想法,一個(gè)計(jì)劃,一個(gè)產(chǎn)品,一個(gè)用品,凡是起到該起的或預(yù)料中的作用就是it works,否則就是it doesn't work!
例1、我的鬧鐘壞了。
Chinglish:My alarm clock is bad. (人家以為你買的是偽劣產(chǎn)品,能用但是質(zhì)量差)
Revision: My alarm clock doesn't work. (不走了,或不鬧時(shí)了,或兩者都不行了)
例2、我的計(jì)劃頂事了。
Chinglish: My plan served for the purpose.(快說對(duì)了,可惜沒說對(duì),for是多余的。)
Revision: My plan worked! (多精練?。?/span>
例3、電視已經(jīng)不太好了。(如聲音時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù))
Chinglish: The TV set is already not good now. (不知所云)
Revision: The TV set doesn't work properly(or: well) now. (多地道!)
I hope my explanation works!
hold
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
在生活中,我們常常會(huì)抱怨聯(lián)系不到那個(gè)誰,男女關(guān)系中尤為常見。受思維限制,我們一般只會(huì)說個(gè)contact with,現(xiàn)在有一種更為生活化的用法告訴大家。
1、你這一天干嘛去了?我用了六個(gè)小時(shí)嘗試聯(lián)系你!
What have you been doing all day? I've been trying to get a hold of you for six hours.
2、我必須通過十個(gè)不同的人來獲得你的聯(lián)系
I had to go through ten different people to get a hold of you.
此用法常常伴隨河?xùn)|獅吼。
crap
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★
我們會(huì)遭遇一些人的喋喋不休的廢話,那么請(qǐng)這樣告訴他。除了快被用爛的rubbish,bullshit,還有這樣的很常見的說法:
1、請(qǐng)不要再對(duì)我講這些廢話了!
Please don't play this crap on me.
2、凈胡說八道
What a bunch of crap!
不想忍受的時(shí)候,及時(shí)喊停。
mark
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
mark之所以萬能,在于將標(biāo)志、痕跡、得分的含義廣泛地引申出去,例如:
1、up to the mark 達(dá)到要求;符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
2、an easy mark 容易受騙的人
3、mark up/down 加價(jià)/減價(jià)
4、leave your/its/a mark 留下永久記憶
等等。
1、The table marks very easily.
這張桌子很容易留下印痕。
2、His silence marked his anger.
他的沉默表明了他的憤怒。
3、Our teacher marks strictly.
我們老師評(píng)分很嚴(yán)。
4、He walked on air for getting a high mark.
他因得了高分而洋洋得意。
一起積累起來吧,讓口語變得更簡單和地道~
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